Tetrabutylammonium iodide(TBAI) waa iskudhis kiimiko ah oo kasbaday fiiro gaar ah dhanka kimistariga dabiiciga ah.Waa milix inta badan loo isticmaalo kicinta wareejinta wejiga.Astaamaha gaarka ah ee TBAI waxay ka dhigaan doorasho ku habboon noocyo badan oo falcelin kiimiko ah, laakiin waa maxay habka ka dambeeya falcelintan?
TBAI waxa ay caan ku tahay awoodda ay u leedahay in ay u gudbiso ions inta u dhaxaysa wejiyada aan la kala sooci karin.Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay awood u siin karto falcelinta ka dhex dhaca isku-dhafka kuwaas oo haddii kale aan awoodin inay is dhexgalaan.TBAI waxay si gaar ah faa'iido u leedahay falcelinta ku lug leh halides, sida iodide, sababtoo ah waxay kordhin kartaa milmahooda dareerayaasha organic iyagoo ilaalinaya hantidooda ionic.
Mid ka mid ah codsiyada ugu caansan ee TBAI waa isku-darka isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah.Marka TBAI lagu daro nidaamka falcelinta laba-waji ah, waxay kor u qaadi kartaa wareejinta anions inta u dhaxaysa wejiyada, awood u yeelashada dareen-celinta inay dhacaan taas oo aan suurtogal ahayn iyada oo aan la isticmaalin kiciye.Tusaale ahaan, TBAI waxaa loo adeegsaday isku-darka nitriles-ka aan la sasaturated by falcelinta ketones ee leh sodium cyanide ee joogitaanka kicinta.
Habka falcelinta TBAI-catalyzed waxay ku tiirsan tahay wareejinta kicinta ee labada weji.Ku milanka TBAI ee dareerayaasha organic ayaa fure u ah waxtarkeeda sida kicinta sababtoo ah waxay u ogolaataa kicinta inay ka qayb qaadato falcelinta inta ay ku sii jirto marxaladda organic.Habka falcelinta waxaa lagu soo koobi karaa sida soo socota:
1. Kala diridTBAImarxaladda aqueous
2. U wareejinta TBAI ee wajiga organic
3. Falcelinta TBAI ee leh substrate organic si loo sameeyo dhexdhexaad
4. U wareejinta dhexdhexaadka ah ee wejiga aqueous
5. Falcelinta dhex-dhexaadiyaha oo leh fal-celiyeyaasha aqueous si loo soo saaro badeecada la rabo
Waxtarka TBAI sida kicinta waxaa sabab u ah awooddeeda gaarka ah ee lagu wareejinayo ions labada weji, iyadoo la ilaalinayo dabeecadooda ionic.Tan waxaa lagu gaaraa lifolicity sare ee kooxaha alkyl ee molecule TBAI kuwaas oo bixiya gaashaanka hydrophobic ee ku wareegsan unugyada cationic.Sifadan TBAI waxay siisaa xasiloonida ions-wareejinta waxayna awood u siinaysaa falcelinta inay si hufan u socoto.
Marka laga soo tago codsiyada isku-dhafka ah, TBAI ayaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday fal-celin kiimiko oo kala duwan.Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo isticmaalay diyaarinta amides, amidine, iyo derivatives urea.TBAI waxa kale oo loo isticmaalay falcelinta ku lug leh samaynta curaarta kaarboon-carbon ama ka saarida kooxaha shaqaynaya sida halogens.
Gabagabadii, habkaTBAIDareen-celinta la kiciyay waxay ku salaysan tahay kala-wareejinta ions inta u dhaxaysa wejiyada aan la soo koobi karin, taas oo ay awood u leedahay sifooyinka gaarka ah ee molecule TBAI.Kor u qaadida falcelinta ka dhaxaysa xeryahooda haddii kale noqon lahaa mid aan firfircoonayn, TBAI waxay noqotay qalab qiimo leh oo loogu talagalay farmashiyeyaasha synthetic ee meelo kala duwan.Waxtarkeeda iyo wax-ku-oolnimadeeda ayaa ka dhigaysa mid horseed u ah kuwa raadinaya inay ballaariyaan qalabkooda kiimikada.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-10-2023